Samaria Gorge: The Majestic National Park of Crete
Discover the Samaria Gorge, the longest in Greece.
The Samaria Gorge is the longest in Greece, and trekking through it is a primary goal for many travelers visiting Crete. The 18-kilometer descent begins at the Omalos Plateau in the White Mountains (at the "Xyloskalo" entrance, 1,200m altitude) and ends at the coastal village of Agia Roumely in southern Chania. The hike typically takes between 4 and 7 hours, depending on the hiker's pace and endurance.
Flora, Fauna, and Natural Wonder
The gorge and its surrounding area of 48,500 acres have been designated as a National Park since 1962, and in 2010, it joined UNESCO’s World Network of Biosphere Reserves. It is the natural habitat of the Cretan wild goat, known as Kri-Kri, and other rare animals like the Cretan badger (arkalos), the Cretan marten (zourida), and majestic bearded vultures. The gorge boasts over 450 plant species, many of which are unique to Crete.
The landscape is lush with pine and cypress forests. The most breathtaking point is the "Iron Gates" - the narrowest part of the gorge near the exit - where the walls are only 3 meters apart but rise to a staggering height of 600 meters. Along the trail, hikers will find 22 springs with fresh, potable water.
History and Cultural Landmarks
The gorge takes its name from the small Byzantine church of Osia Maria (built in 1379), located near the center of the route. This church gave its name to the village of Samaria, which was evacuated in 1962 to establish the National Park. Throughout the hike, one can spot Byzantine chapels, Venetian fortifications, and ruins of ancient settlements, seamlessly integrated into the natural environment.
Essential Visitor Information
- Opening Hours: Generally open from April to October, weather permitting.
- Gear: Hiking boots, a hat, sunscreen, and light snacks are essential.
- Safety: Visitors must stay on the marked trails to avoid getting lost.
- Logistics: Upon reaching Agia Roumely, visitors usually take a swim in the Libyan Sea before boarding a ferry to Sfakia or Paleochora.
